Helpful Tips to Prevent Skin Cancer

Secretary Thompson is emphasizing that all Americans should take the necessary precautions to prevent skin cancer. As Americans begin their summer vacations and trips it is important to remember to reduce direct skin exposure to the sun. Americans are encouraged to "choose a cover". Covers include a sun umbrella, a t-shirt, a hat, sunglasses, and of course sun block (SPF 15 or higher).

Even a few sunburns can significantly increase your child's risk for skin cancer down the road. Here are some tips for parents: Sunscreen comes in a variety of forms - lotions, sprays, wipes, or gels. Be sure to choose one made especially for kids with Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 15 or higher and has both UVA and UVB protection For most effective protection, apply sunscreen generously 30 minutes before going outdoors and don't forget to protect ears, noses, lips, and the tops of feet.

Reapply sunscreen throughout the day, especially after your child swims or exercises, this also applies to "waterproof" and "water resistant" products.

Tanned skin is damaged skin. Any change in the color of your child's skin after time outside - whether sunburn or suntan - indicates damage from UV rays. Children still need protection on cloudy or cool days. UV rays, not the temperature, do the damage. Clouds do not block UV rays, they filter them.

Simple Tips to Prevent Sports Injuries

• Don't bend your knees more than half way when doing knee bends.

• Don't twist your knees when you stretch. Keep your feet as flat as you can.
• When jumping, land with your knees bent.
• Do warm up exercises before you play any sport.
• Always stretch before you play or exercise.
• Don't overdo it.
• Cool down after hard sports or workouts.
• Wear shoes that fit properly, are stable, and absorb shock.
• Use the softest exercise surface you can find; don't run on asphalt or concrete.
• Run on flat surfaces.

For adults:
• Don't be a "weekend warrior." Don't try to do a week's worth of activity in a day or two.
• Learn to do your sport right. Use proper form to reduce your risk of "overuse" injuries.
• Use safety gear.
• Know your body's limits.
• Build up your exercise level gradually.
• Strive for a total body workout of cardiovascular, strength-training, and flexibility exercises.

For parents and coaches:
• Group children by their skill level and body size, not by their age, especially for contact sports.
• Match the child to the sport. Don't push the child too hard to play a sport that she or he may not like or be able to do.
• Try to find sports programs that have certified athletic trainers.
• See that all children get a physical exam before playing.
• Don't play a child who is injured.
• Get the child to a doctor, if needed.
• Provide a safe environment for sports.

For children:
• Be in proper condition to play the sport.
• Get a physical exam before you start playing sports.
• Follow the rules of the game.
• Wear gear that protects, fits well, and is right for the sport.
• Know how to use athletic gear.
• Don't play when you are very tired or in pain.
• Always warm up before you play.
• Always cool down after you play.

Food Safety Tips for all

• Wash hands and surfaces often - Bacteria are present throughout the kitchen. It can be found on cutting boards, utensils, sponges, counter tops and other surfaces.

• Don’t cross-contaminate foods - Cross-contamination is a term used to describe how bacteria can spread from one food to another. For example, cross contamination can occur when vegetables to be eaten raw come in contact with the liquid from raw meat, poultry and seafood.

• Cook to proper temperatures - Food safety experts agree that foods are properly cooked when they are heated for a long enough time at a high enough temperature to kill any harmful bacteria that may be present.

• Refrigerate foods promptly - Cold temperatures keep harmful bacteria from growing and multiplying. Refrigerators should be set no higher than 40ºF and freezers should be set at 0ºF.

• When in doubt, throw it out!

Almost everyone has experienced food borne illness, usually called "food poisoning," at some point in time. Often these illnesses are merely uncomfortable and inconvenient and do not require medical care. However, such infections can also result in very serious consequences, including hospitalization and death.

Changes in the way food is processed and distributed, international markets, and consumer demand have all altered our food supply. Today, food may reach the table through long chains of production, packaging, and transportation providing many opportunities for contamination. All these factors increase the risk for food borne illness.

Although large disease outbreaks associated with restaurants generally get more media attention, it is just as easy for food borne illness to occur at home. If food is handled and prepared safely, most of these illnesses can be avoided.

Food labels can help you pick healthy food

Food labels may help you make healthy food choices. But they can be confusing. Here are some quick tips for reading food labels:

Check Serving Size and Calories. All the information on a food label is based on the serving size. Be careful—one serving may be much smaller than you think. If you double the servings you eat, you double the calories and nutrients, including the percent Daily Values (DVs).

Percent DV: This tells you if a food is high or low in nutrients. Foods that have more than 20-percent DV of a nutrient are high. Foods that have 5-percent DV or less are low.

Saturated Fat: Saturated fat is not healthy for your heart. Compare labels on similar foods and try to choose foods that have a 5-percent DV or less for saturated fat. Most of the fats you eat should be polyunsaturated and monounsaturated. Keep total fat intake between 20 to 35 percent of calories.

Trans Fat: Trans fat is not healthy for your heart. When reading food labels, add together the grams of trans fat and saturated fat, and choose foods with the lowest combined amount.

Cholesterol: Too much cholesterol is not healthy for your heart. Keep your intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol as low as possible.

Sodium (Salt): Salt contains sodium. Research shows that eating less than 2,300 milligrams of sodium about (1 teaspoon of salt) per day may reduce the risk of high blood pressure.

TIP: Many food labels say “low fat,” “reduced fat,” or “light.” That does not always mean the food is low in calories. Remember, fat-free does not mean calorie-free, and calories do count!

Fiber: Choose foods that are rich in fiber, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.

Sugar: Try to choose foods with little or no added sugar (like low-sugar cereals).

Calcium: Choose foods that are high in calcium. Foods that are high in calcium have at least 20-percent DV.

Advantages of a Fiber Diet

"In the future, the HHS newsletter will be focusing on the benefits or drawback's of diets-fad or otherwise. Here is the first installment. With a gradual increase of fiber (and water) into your diet, you could reduce the risk of colon cancer, intestinal disorders, heart disease, constipation, the production of LDL's ("bad cholesterol") and aid in moderate weight loss. The Food and Drug Administration and the National Cancer Institute both recommend high fiber diets, which amounts to 20-35 grams of fiber per day, although they are careful to recommend you get your fiber from foods and not dietary supplements.

• Soluble fiber helps lower blood cholesterol levels and control blood glucose levels for people with diabetes. Examples of soluble fiber are: Oatbran, barley, kidney beans, fruits, and vegetables.
• Insoluble fiber remains virtually intact while passing through the body which causes the feeling of fullness, and provides fewer calories to the body. Some examples of insoluble fiber are: Wheat bran, vegetables and whole grains.
High-fiber foods also contain a considerable amount of antioxidants and phytochemicals, which are an advantage in any diet."

Healthy ways to eat vegetables

• Eat raw and cooked vegetables with little or no fat, sauces, or dressings.
• Try low-fat or fat-free salad dressing on raw vegetables or salads.
• Steam vegetables using water or low-fat broth.
• Mix in some chopped onion or garlic.
• Use a little vinegar or some lemon or lime juice.
• Add a small piece of lean ham or smoked turkey instead of fat to vegetables when cooking.
• Sprinkle with herbs and spices.
• If you do use a small amount of fat, use canola oil, olive oil, or soft margarines (liquid or tub types) instead of fat from meat, butter, or shortening.

Reducing Stroke-related disability in children

Stroke-related disability could be reduced by teaching children how to spot the signs of stroke in relatives.
Emergency medical treatment within three hours of the first stroke symptoms can limit the extent of brain damage and lead to better recovery.

The Kids Identifying and Defeating Stroke (KIDS) project included 515 sixth graders in Texas who were divided into two groups. The students in the intervention group were given four classes about stroke awareness each year during grades 6, 7 and 8.

"As part of the KIDS project, students were also given homework assignments that involved teaching their parents or other adult partners about the signs and symptoms of stroke and the need to call 911 right away if these signs are witnessed," lead author Kathleen Conley, a professor of health education at Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti, said in a news release.

A pretest about stroke knowledge/awareness was given before the study. Preliminary results from a follow-up test after the second year showed improvements in the intervention group students' knowledge and their intent to call 911 when seeing someone suffering a stroke.

"We are very encouraged by the results and would like to see more investigation in the area of teaching children about recognizing stroke and motivating them to call 911 immediately," Conley said.
The study is published in the January issue of the journal Health Promotion Practice.

Serotonin and Bone Mass Inversely linked in Women

Circulating levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are inversely associated with bone mass in women, according to a new study co-funded by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). The work, published online in July in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, indicates that serotonin can serve as a marker for low bone mass. The findings also suggest that studies of serotonin synthesis and metabolism pathways are needed to develop drugs that target the neurotransmitter’s effects on bone mass without affecting the nervous system.

Co-authors Ulrike Mödder, Ph.D., Sundeep Khosla, M.D., and colleagues at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., studied a population-based cohort of 275 women aged 21 to 97, and observed that higher blood levels of serotonin were associated with lower levels of a number of measures of bone density and structure, as well as body mass index. The findings, say the scientists, indicate a potential role for serotonin in regulating human bone mass.

Drugs called selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for treating depression, and scientists have observed that people taking these medications have reduced bone mineral density. Other studies in mice have also linked serotonin to bone metabolism regulation. Until this study, however, the relationship between serotonin and bone mass in humans was clouded.

"We’ve confirmed that serotonin is yet another player in the complex physiology of bone," says Dr. Khosla. "Perhaps as an early warning signal, it may help us prevent the diseases that beset bone, including osteoporosis."
The study also received funding from the Mayo Clinic’s Center for Translational Science Activities.

Different exercises for girls

You need to exercise for about 60 minutes every day. Setting aside 60 minutes all at once each day is one way to get in enough exercise. If you wait until the end of the day to squeeze it in, you probably won’t exercise enough or at all. If you’re not active for 60 minutes straight, it’s okay to exercise for 10 or 20 minutes at a time throughout the day.

Different exercises:

Aerobic exercise
Most of your 60 minutes of daily exercise, at least 3 days a week.
Aerobic activities are those in which young people regularly move their muscles. Running, hopping, skipping, jumping rope, swimming, dancing, and biking are all examples of aerobic activity.
It makes your heart and lungs strong.

Muscle-strengthening exercise
(3 or more days each week)
As part of your 60 minutes of exercise each day, at least 3 days a week.
Muscle-strengthening activities make muscles do more work than usual. This is called “overload” and it makes your muscles stronger. Climbing trees, yoga, rock climbing, lifting weights, or working with resistance bands are all muscle-strengthening exercises
It increases your strength and builds muscle.

Bone-strengthening exercise
(3 or more days each week)
As part of your 60 minutes of exercise each day, at least 3 days a week.
Bone-strengthening activities push on your bones and helps them grow and be strong. This push usually comes from impact with the ground. Running, jumping rope, basketball, tennis, and hopscotch are all bone-strengthening exercises. (These exercises can also be aerobic and muscle-strengthening.)
It will make your bones stronger. Your bones get strongest in the years just before and during puberty.

Shop and fill your kitchen cupboards with LOW FAT FOOD items

Here are few items…

Fat free or low fat milk, yogurt, cheese, and cottage cheese
Light or diet margarine
Eggs/Egg substitutes
Sandwich breads, bagels, pita bread, English muffins
Soft corn tortillas, low fat flour tortillas
Low fat, low sodium crackers
Plain cereal, dry or cooked
Rice, pasta
White meat chicken or turkey (remove skin)
Fish and shellfish (not battered)
Beef: round, sirloin, chuck arm, loin and extra lean ground beef
Pork: leg, shoulder, tenderloin
Dry beans and peas
Fresh, frozen, canned fruits in light syrup or juice
Fresh, frozen, or no salt added canned vegetables
Low fat or nonfat salad dressings
Mustard and catsup
Jam, jelly, or honey
Herbs and spices

Cold or heat therapy-relieves back pain and muscle tension

Using cold and heat therapy may relieve pain and muscle tension in the initial days after back pain begins. Some studies show that heat is an effective approach for acute nonspecific back pain. As for chronic back pain, cold and heat likely won't cause harm and may be helpful, but there isn't scientific evidence at this time to prove that cold and heat are effective treatments for chronic low back pain. Cold or ice applied to your back can reduce inflammation and swelling by constricting blood vessels. The cold also acts to slow nerve impulses and make it less likely that your muscles will contract, in this way reducing pain.

To use cold packs, wrap an ice pack or a bag of frozen vegetables in a piece of cloth. Hold it on the sore area for about 15 minutes, several times a day. To avoid frostbite, don't place ice directly on your skin. Heat therapy increases blood circulation, which can aid healing of damaged tissues. Heat also allows tissues to stretch more easily, resulting in less stiffness, greater flexibility and less pain. To use heat therapy, take a warm bath, or use warm packs, a heating pad or a heat lamp for pain relief. Be careful not to burn your skin with extreme heat. If you find that cold provides more relief than heat, you can continue using cold packs, or try a combination of the two methods.